How much research is there on each peptide?
PubMed papers, published clinical trials, registered trials and FDA adverse event reports for every peptide we cover, counted the same way for each.
Updated 6 October 2026 · Download the data (CSV)
20 of 61Research peptides with no published clinical trial in PubMed
35 of 61Research peptides with no trial registered on ClinicalTrials.gov
391 / 13BPC-157 papers in PubMed / of them published clinical trials
Research peptides with the most papers
- HGH 191AA54,602
- VIP48,904
- Kisspeptin3,905
- Follistatin3,241
- AICAR2,932
- LL-372,547
- Thymosin alpha-1875
- GHRP-6734
- Melanotan II698
- Cerebrolysin674
- Humanin570
- DSIP544
- SS-31538
- NAD+ (injection)530
- BPC-157391
Embed this chart
Paste this into your page. It shows the chart and credits the source with a link. The chart updates when our data does.
Every peptide, side by side
Sorted by PubMed papers. Click a column to sort. Most papers on research peptides are lab and animal studies, which is why the clinical-trial column matters more than the total.
| Peptide | Category | PubMed papers | Since 2021 | Clinical-trial papers | Registered trials | Trials now active | FDA adverse event reports |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glutathione | Collagen & skin | 207,844 | 51,326 | 3,198 | 148 | 26 | 2,594 |
| HGH 191AA | Research peptides | 54,602 | 9,157 | 4,135 | 177 | 16 | 73,649 |
| VIP | Research peptides | 48,904 | 18,613 | 1,033 | 122 | 18 | 13 |
| Human Chorionic Gonadotropin | Prescription | 36,087 | 5,486 | 1,969 | 509 | 59 | 555 |
| Oxytocin | Prescription | 34,069 | 5,823 | 2,601 | 827 | 103 | 3,768 |
| L-Carnitine (injection) | Prescription | 23,815 | 5,776 | 1,131 | 19 | 5 | 4,099 |
| Liraglutide | Prescription | 5,980 | 2,944 | 635 | 484 | 35 | 53,485 |
| Semaglutide | Prescription | 5,913 | 5,456 | 352 | 726 | 330 | 100,912 |
| Teriparatide | Prescription | 4,037 | 1,184 | 361 | 171 | 17 | 112,545 |
| Kisspeptin | Research peptides | 3,905 | 1,299 | 65 | 31 | 4 | 1 |
| Follistatin | Research peptides | 3,241 | 719 | 93 | 4 | 2 | 0 |
| AICAR | Research peptides | 2,932 | 554 | 34 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
| Tirzepatide | Prescription | 2,633 | 2,623 | 147 | 280 | 182 | 160,934 |
| LL-37 | Research peptides | 2,547 | 872 | 60 | 19 | 2 | 0 |
| Human Menopausal Gonadotropin | Prescription | 1,558 | 144 | 226 | 88 | 7 | 2,130 |
| Thymosin alpha-1 | Research peptides | 875 | 109 | 95 | 59 | 14 | 247 |
| GHRP-6 | Research peptides | 734 | 77 | 46 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Melanotan II | Research peptides | 698 | 68 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 10 |
| Cerebrolysin | Research peptides | 674 | 195 | 91 | 42 | 9 | 80 |
| Humanin | Research peptides | 570 | 232 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| DSIP | Research peptides | 544 | 9 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| SS-31 | Research peptides | 538 | 307 | 23 | 30 | 3 | 0 |
| NAD+ (injection) | Research peptides | 530 | 113 | 30 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Abaloparatide | Prescription | 413 | 258 | 36 | 24 | 7 | 29,291 |
| BPC-157 | Research peptides | 391 | 139 | 13 | 3 | 2 | 18 |
| Sermorelin | Prescription | 340 | 32 | 32 | 1 | 0 | 59 |
| Hexarelin | Research peptides | 316 | 16 | 59 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Gonadorelin | Prescription | 305 | 75 | 29 | 10 | 5 | 612 |
| Semax | Research peptides | 293 | 39 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 2 |
| GHRP-2 | Research peptides | 261 | 18 | 59 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
| MOTS-c | Research peptides | 258 | 206 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 0 |
| PNC-27 | Research peptides | 233 | 37 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Epitalon | Research peptides | 223 | 13 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| MGF | Research peptides | 205 | 19 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Retatrutide | Research peptides | 200 | 200 | 8 | 34 | 11 | 44 |
| KPV | Research peptides | 186 | 49 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Orforglipron | Prescription | 149 | 148 | 20 | 53 | 20 | 728 |
| Selank | Research peptides | 142 | 26 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| MK-677 (Ibutamoren) | Research peptides | 139 | 26 | 19 | 4 | 0 | 12 |
| Cagrilintide | Research peptides | 136 | 136 | 16 | 44 | 18 | 4 |
| TB-500 | Research peptides | 133 | 18 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| GHK-Cu | Collagen & skin | 132 | 69 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 |
| Tesamorelin | Prescription | 127 | 37 | 28 | 24 | 3 | 3,517 |
| PT-141 | Prescription | 121 | 53 | 16 | 10 | 1 | 1,005 |
| Survodutide | Research peptides | 91 | 91 | 12 | 36 | 11 | 3 |
| ARA-290 (Cibinetide) | Research peptides | 85 | 26 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| Vilon | Research peptides | 74 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Vesugen | Research peptides | 70 | 10 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Tesofensine | Research peptides | 64 | 7 | 12 | 13 | 0 | 3 |
| Cortagen | Research peptides | 59 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Ipamorelin | Research peptides | 54 | 11 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 11 |
| Mazdutide | Research peptides | 53 | 53 | 9 | 45 | 25 | 0 |
| Pinealon | Research peptides | 49 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Livagen | Research peptides | 46 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| CJC-1295 | Research peptides | 39 | 18 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| Adipotide | Research peptides | 25 | 10 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| AOD-9604 | Research peptides | 23 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Dihexa | Research peptides | 20 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| FOXO4-DRI | Research peptides | 20 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Ovagen | Research peptides | 19 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| IGF-1 DES | Research peptides | 18 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| IGF-1 LR3 | Research peptides | 16 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Bronchogen | Research peptides | 14 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Pancragen | Research peptides | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Eloralintide | Research peptides | 10 | 10 | 3 | 22 | 15 | 0 |
| Prostamax | Research peptides | 10 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| SLU-PP-332 | Research peptides | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Testagen | Research peptides | 10 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiogen | Research peptides | 9 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – |
| Cartalax | Research peptides | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Crystagen | Research peptides | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| HGH Fragment 176-191 | Research peptides | 5 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| PEG-MGF | Research peptides | 5 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 5-Amino-1MQ | Research peptides | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| PE-22-28 | Research peptides | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| SNAP-8 | Collagen & skin | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Adamax | Research peptides | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Chonluten | Research peptides | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
How we built this
Each count comes from a public database, searched the same way for every peptide. We searched for the peptide's name and its common aliases, listed below.
- PubMed papers: papers that match a search term anywhere in the PubMed record, including PubMed's own subject headings. This includes reviews, lab work and animal studies.
- Clinical-trial papers: those PubMed tags as a clinical trial or randomised controlled trial. These are the papers where people were dosed.
- Registered trials: studies on ClinicalTrials.gov that list the peptide as an intervention, in any state. "Now active" counts those recruiting or under way.
- FDA adverse event reports: reports in FAERS that name the peptide. Anyone can file one, and a report does not show the drug caused the problem. Approved drugs have far more reports because far more people take them.
Counts include some noise. A name can turn up in unrelated papers, and approved drugs such as hCG and oxytocin have decades of literature. Treat small differences as ties. For what the evidence shows for each peptide, read its page.
Search terms used for each peptide
- Glutathione: glutathione
- HGH 191AA: somatropin; recombinant human growth hormone
- VIP: VIP; Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide
- Human Chorionic Gonadotropin: human chorionic gonadotropin; hCG
- Oxytocin: Oxytocin; Pitocin; Syntocinon
- L-Carnitine (injection): levocarnitine; intravenous L-carnitine; L-carnitine injection
- Liraglutide: Liraglutide; Saxenda; Victoza
- Semaglutide: Semaglutide; Ozempic; Wegovy; Rybelsus
- Teriparatide: Teriparatide; Forteo; Bonsity
- Kisspeptin: Kisspeptin; Kisspeptin-10; Kisspeptin-54; KP-10; KP-54; Metastin
- Follistatin: follistatin
- AICAR: AICAR; Acadesine; AICA riboside; 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside
- Tirzepatide: Tirzepatide; Mounjaro; Zepbound
- LL-37: LL-37; cathelicidin LL-37
- Human Menopausal Gonadotropin: human menopausal gonadotropin; menotropins; Menopur
- Thymosin alpha-1: Thymosin alpha-1; Thymalfasin; Zadaxin
- GHRP-6: GHRP-6; Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide-6; GHRP6; His-D-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH2
- Melanotan II: Melanotan II; Melanotan-II; MT-II; Melanotan
- Cerebrolysin: Cerebrolysin; Cerebrolysin Injection; FPF-1070
- Humanin: humanin
- DSIP: DSIP; Delta sleep-inducing peptide; Emideltide
- SS-31: SS-31; Elamipretide; MTP-131; Bendavia
- NAD+ (injection): NAD+ infusion; intravenous NAD+; NAD+ injection; intravenous nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- Abaloparatide: Abaloparatide; Tymlos
- BPC-157: BPC-157; Body Protection Compound 157; PL 14736; PL-10; Bepecin
- Sermorelin: Sermorelin; GHRHNH2; Geref; Sermorelin acetate
- Hexarelin: hexarelin; examorelin
- Gonadorelin: gonadorelin; Factrel; Lutrepulse
- Semax: Semax; N-acetyl semax; ACTH analogue
- GHRP-2: GHRP-2; Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide-2; Pralmorelin; KP-102; GPA-748; GHRP Kaken 100
- MOTS-c: MOTS-c; Mitochondrial ORF of the 12S rRNA type-c; MOTS-C peptide
- PNC-27: PNC-27; p53-MDM2 binding peptide; PNC27
- Epitalon: Epitalon; Epithalon; Epithalamin; AEDG peptide
- MGF: mechano growth factor
- Retatrutide: Retatrutide; LY3437943
- KPV: KPV; Lys-Pro-Val
- Orforglipron: Orforglipron; Foundayo; LY3502970
- Selank: Selank; N-acetyl selank; Tuftsin analogue
- MK-677 (Ibutamoren): MK-677; Ibutamoren; Ibutamoren mesylate; L-163,191; MK 677
- Cagrilintide: Cagrilintide; CagriSema
- TB-500: TB-500; Ac-LKKTETQ; Thymosin beta-4 fragment; TB4 fragment
- GHK-Cu: GHK-Cu; copper tripeptide-1; Cu-GHK; copper peptide GHK
- Tesamorelin: Tesamorelin; Egrifta; Egrifta WR; Egrifta SV; TH9507
- PT-141: PT-141; Bremelanotide; Vyleesi
- Survodutide: Survodutide; BI 456906
- ARA-290 (Cibinetide): ARA-290; Cibinetide; ARA290
- Vilon: Vilon; KE peptide; Lys-Glu dipeptide
- Vesugen: Vesugen; KED peptide; Lys-Glu-Asp
- Tesofensine: Tesofensine; NS 2330; Tesomet
- Cortagen: Cortagen; AEDP; AEDP peptide; Ala-Glu-Asp-Pro
- Ipamorelin: Ipamorelin; NNC 26-0161; Aib-His-D-2-Nal-D-Phe-Lys-NH2
- Mazdutide: Mazdutide; IBI362; LY3305677
- Pinealon: Pinealon; EDR peptide; Glu-Asp-Arg
- Livagen: Livagen; KEDA peptide; Lys-Glu-Asp-Ala
- CJC-1295: CJC-1295; CJC-1295 with DAC; CJC-1295 without DAC; Modified GRF; mod GRF 1-29; Tetrasubstituted GRF
- Adipotide: Adipotide; FTPP; Prohibitin-Targeting Peptide 1; Prohibitin-TP01
- AOD-9604: AOD-9604; AOD9604
- Dihexa: Dihexa; N-hexanoic-Tyr-Ile- aminohexanoic amide; Dihexa acetate; PNB-0408; ATH-1001
- FOXO4-DRI: FOXO4-DRI; FOXO4-DRI peptide; FOXO4 D-retro-inverso peptide
- Ovagen: Ovagen; Ova bioregulator
- IGF-1 DES: IGF-1 DES; DesIGF-1; IGF-1 Des; Truncated IGF-1
- IGF-1 LR3: IGF-1 LR3; Long R3 IGF-1; Long-R3-IGF-1
- Bronchogen: Bronchogen; AEDL peptide; Bronchogen tetrapeptide
- Pancragen: Pancragen; Lys-Glu-Asp-Trp-NH2; KEDW peptide
- Eloralintide: Eloralintide; LY3841136
- Prostamax: Prostamax; KEDP; KEDP peptide; Lys-Glu-Asp-Pro
- SLU-PP-332: SLU-PP-332; SLU PP 332; Exercise mimetic SLU-PP-332
- Testagen: Testagen; KEDG peptide; Lys-Glu-Asp-Gly
- Cardiogen: Cardiogen; AEDR; AEDR peptide; Ala-Glu-Asp-Arg
- Cartalax: Cartalax
- Crystagen: Crystagen; Immune bioregulator tripeptide
- HGH Fragment 176-191: HGH Fragment 176-191; Fragment 176-191; Frag 176-191; HGH Frag; hGH 176-191
- PEG-MGF: PEG-MGF; pegylated mechano growth factor
- 5-Amino-1MQ: 5-Amino-1MQ; 5-amino-1-methylquinolinium; 5-Amino-1MQ iodide; 5A1MQ
- PE-22-28: PE-22-28; PE 22-28; Shortened spadin analogue
- SNAP-8: SNAP-8; Acetyl Octapeptide-3; Acetyl Octapeptide-1
- Adamax: Adamax; Adamax Peptide
- Chonluten: Chonluten; Chonluten tripeptide
Cite this data
You are welcome to use these figures. Please link to this page as the source.
Peptide Decode. "How much research is there on each peptide?." Updated 6 October 2026. https://peptidedecode.com/data/peptide-research-evidence/