Library
All guides
Evidence-led reading across clean, prescription, and research peptides - plus reconstitution tools. Claims are meant to be checkable against real sources.
47 guides · draft until citation review
Start here
7- Start here
Are Peptides Safe? Risks by Category, and the Law
Safety depends less on the molecule than on the category it sits in. What is documented for each, what is still unknown, and where the real risks concentrate.
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How Long Do Peptides Take to Work?
Collagen, topical serums, approved drugs and research compounds each run on a different clock. What the trials measured, and over what timeframe.
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Peptide Glossary: The Terms You Will Meet
Plain-English definitions for RUO, DAC, U-100, bacteriostatic water, GHK-Cu, BPC-157 and the rest of the vocabulary that vendor copy assumes you know.
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Peptide Injections: What People Mean by It
The same search covers approved injectable medicines, clinic programmes and research chemicals. How to tell which one an offer is, plus law and risk.
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Peptide Side Effects: What Has Been Reported
Side effects track the category, not the word. What is on the label for approved drugs, what trials reported for supplements, and where the record runs thin.
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Peptide Therapy: What the Phrase Covers
Clinics use one phrase for approved hormones, compounded products and unapproved injectables. How to decode an offer, and what to ask before you book.
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What Are Peptides? A Plain, Evidence-Led Guide
Peptides run from supplements you can buy today to the biggest drugs in metabolic medicine. What they are, how the categories differ, and where to start.
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Calculators and reconstitution
6- Calculators and reconstitution
Bacteriostatic Water: What It Is and Why It Matters
Sterile water with a benzyl alcohol preservative, and the reason every reconstitution calculator names it. What the labels say, and how it differs.
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How to Reconstitute Peptides: The Arithmetic
Concentration, draw volume and insulin-syringe units, explained as pure unit conversion so the calculators make sense. Education, not instructions for use.
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Peptide Dosage Calculator: What the Maths Does
How a dosage calculator turns vial mass, diluent and dose into draw volume and syringe units, and the line between arithmetic and advice.
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Peptide Dosing Calculator: Concentration to Units
Convert vial strength and target dose into mL and syringe units, with the capacity-versus-scale mistake that quietly wrecks the answer.
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Peptide Mixing Calculator: Diluent and Draw Volume
How much liquid to add, and how much that makes you draw. The two questions a mixing calculator answers, plus the mistakes that break the result.
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Peptide Reconstitution Calculator: Units, mL and U-50
Turn mass, diluent and dose into draw volume and syringe units, including the U-50 syringe trap that produces a quiet underdose.
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Collagen & skin
13- Collagen & skin
Argireline (Acetyl Hexapeptide-8): The Study Evidence
Argireline is sold as a topical Botox alternative. What the randomised cosmetic studies measured, how large the changes were, and where the comparison breaks down.
Read guide→ - Collagen & skin
Best Collagen Peptides: Choosing on the Evidence
Studied doses, third-party testing, molecular-weight marketing and cost per studied dose. The criteria that separate a good collagen from a well-advertised one.
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Best Peptide Serum: How to Choose One on Evidence
Which peptide, at what concentration, in a formula that makes sense, at what price per mL. The criteria that matter when the marketing all sounds identical.
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Collagen Peptide Benefits: What Human Studies Support
Skin, joints, bone and nails: what collagen trials measured, how large the effects were, and which benefit claims run past the evidence.
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Collagen Peptides for Hair: What the Evidence Covers
Hair claims for collagen lean on skin and nail research. What has been measured directly, what has not, and how to read before-and-after marketing.
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Collagen Peptides for Joints: What the Trials Found
Joint comfort and function trials for hydrolyzed collagen and undenatured type II collagen, with the doses, the effect sizes, and who paid for the research.
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Collagen Peptides for Skin: The Trial Evidence
Oral collagen for wrinkles and skin aging: what the hydration and elasticity trials measured, how strong the designs are, and how topical collagen differs.
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Collagen Peptides: What the Human Trials Found
Hydrolyzed collagen has real human trials behind it. The effect sizes for skin and joints, the doses used, who funded the studies, and what is still open.
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Copper Peptides (GHK-Cu): What the Research Shows
GHK-Cu is the most-hyped cosmetic peptide. What the peer-reviewed work, the conference abstracts and one negative trial add up to, and where the claims outrun them.
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GHK Peptide: GHK vs GHK-Cu Explained
The free tripeptide and the copper complex are sold under one name and studied differently. What separates them, and where the marketing overreaches.
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GHK-Cu vs Matrixyl: Two Different Peptide Stories
Copper peptides and Matrixyl-class signal peptides share a shelf and little else. Chemistry, study designs and evidence compared without picking a fake winner.
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Matrixyl (Palmitoyl Pentapeptide): The Evidence
What the cosmetic clinical research on Matrixyl measured, how the trade-name family differs, and why the studies do not transfer to every cream that names it.
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Peptides for Skin: The Evidence Behind the Big Names
The four classes of cosmetic peptide, GHK-Cu in depth, whether any of it gets through skin, and how peptides compare with vitamin C and retinoids.
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Research peptides
17- Research peptides
BPC-157 Benefits: What the Research Has Found
BPC-157 has one of the largest healing literatures in animal research. What those studies found, how small the human record is, and how to read the gap.
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BPC-157 vs TB-500: How the Two Differ
Two different molecules with different literatures, sold as one healing stack. Structure, human data, legal status and WADA bans, side by side.
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BPC-157: What the Research Shows
A large rodent literature, roughly 80 people of human data including one null trial, and no verified human half-life. The whole picture in one page.
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CJC-1295: With DAC and Without DAC, Explained
Two molecules share one name and behave nothing alike. One has a published multi-day half-life, the other has no human PK study. Plus legal status and sport bans.
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DSIP: A Sleep Peptide Whose Research Mostly Stopped in the 1990s
DSIP has 519 papers behind it and 11 of them since 2015. The closest trial to how it is sold today ran in 1992. The name is doing most of the persuading.
Read guide→ - Research peptides
Epitalon: One Telomere Study, in Cell Lines, Doing All the Work
Epitalon has 142 papers, one tagged clinical trial and no randomised ones. The telomere result everyone cites was in cultured cells, not people.
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Ipamorelin: What the Clinical Record Shows
Ipamorelin is a growth hormone secretagogue that reached Phase 2 and stopped there. What the 1998 pharmacology found, and what the marketing leaves out.
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Melanotan: What the Published Cases Show
Melanotan products are unapproved tanning peptides, and the published human record is mostly case reports of serious harm. What those cases describe.
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MOTS-c: The Human Studies Are About Exercise, Not Injections
Every MOTS-c protocol online gives you milligrams. The human research measures your own MOTS-c rising after exercise. That gap is the whole story of this compound.
Read guide→ - Prescription
Oxytocin: 71 Nasal-Spray Trials, and None for What It Is Sold For
Intranasal oxytocin has a large randomised literature - in autism, obesity and social cognition. For the libido use the peptide market sells it for, there is none.
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Peptide Stacking: What the Combination Research Covers
Stacking charts present combinations as if they were trial arms. What combination research exists, what it leaves out, and the questions worth asking first.
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Pinealon: Twenty-Two Papers and No Clinical Trials
Pinealon is a three-amino-acid peptide with a mechanism hypothesis and essentially no human evidence. This is the shortest page on the site, and that is the finding.
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Research Peptides and US Law: What the Label Means
How FDA treats research-only peptide sales, where intended use and marketing change the category, and why a disclaimer on a vial is not a safety finding.
Read guide→ - Research peptides
Semax and Selank: Where That Russian Research Actually Sits
Both rest on a real but narrow literature: mostly Russian-language, mostly two decades old, never independently replicated. We counted it rather than repeating it.
Read guide→ - Research peptides
SS-31 (Elamipretide): The Phase 3 Trial Missed Its Endpoints
SS-31 is a real drug in real trials for rare mitochondrial disease, not aging. Its largest controlled trial missed its primary endpoints. Vendors omit that.
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TB-500: What It Is, and Why It Is Not Thymosin Beta-4
TB-500 is a seven amino acid fragment, not the full protein people cite for it. What that changes about the evidence, plus legal status and the WADA ban.
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Thymosin Alpha-1: A Real Medicine, Tested in People Far Sicker Than You
64 randomised trials and approvals outside the US. The newest and largest, in the BMJ, found no clear survival benefit. None of it studied healthy people.
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Prescription
6- Prescription
GLP-1 Peptides: Approved Medicines and the Lookalikes
GLP-1 medicines cleared large trials and carry labelled uses. How to tell an approved product from a grey-market vial, and what FDA has said about the difference.
Read guide→ - Prescription
Oxytocin: 71 Nasal-Spray Trials, and None for What It Is Sold For
Intranasal oxytocin has a large randomised literature - in autism, obesity and social cognition. For the libido use the peptide market sells it for, there is none.
Read guide→ - Prescription
PT-141: An Approved Medicine, Sold Mostly to the Wrong People
Bremelanotide has two Phase 3 trials behind it and an FDA approval. The trials were in premenopausal women; the grey market sells it to men. Both facts matter.
Read guide→ - Prescription
Sermorelin: What the Trials Studied, and Who They Studied It In
Approved in 1997 for children with growth hormone deficiency, discontinued in 2008 - and the FDA says not for safety reasons. What the trials actually studied.
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Tesamorelin: The GHRH Peptide That Actually Cleared Approval
Same class as CJC-1295 and sermorelin, but with 26 randomised trials and an FDA approval - for visceral fat in people with HIV. That specificity is the point.
Read guide→ - Research peptides
Thymosin Alpha-1: A Real Medicine, Tested in People Far Sicker Than You
64 randomised trials and approvals outside the US. The newest and largest, in the BMJ, found no clear survival benefit. None of it studied healthy people.
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